Read the crisis of chemical parks in one article: the status quo, the truth behind it and the coping strategies
2019-05-20
The development of chemical parks has become the key to the transformation of the chemical industry! Among them, the major crisis of the park has always been a top priority. What are the current major crisis situations in the chemical industry park? What is the truth behind the major crisis? How can we improve the safety management of the chemical park? With these three key issues, let's walk into today's exciting content!
Interpretation of the major crisis in chemical industry parks in three major areas
With the increasing demand for chemical products, the development of China's chemical industry has continued to advance, forming a boom in the construction of chemical parks. The chemical industry park is a gathering place for chemical enterprises. There are many types of chemical dangerous goods in the park, and the density is large, which is easy to cause major crisis events, resulting in huge property losses, casualties and environmental pollution..
In recent years, what are the characteristics of the major crisis situation in China's chemical industry parks? We interpret them from three aspects:
1. From time to time
According to the statistical analysis from the data collected from the website of the National Emergency Management Department, China Chemical Network and China Statistical Yearbook, the results show that since the new century, the development trend of major crisis accidents in China's chemical industry park has not been significantly eased, and its average The value has reached 12.7 pieces/year (see Figure 1); although the overall number of casualties has shown a slight downward trend, the accompanying volatility is large (the variance value is 9.17), showing a high degree of uncertainty.
Summary
As an important part of urban construction, China's chemical park management has entered a blind spot to a certain extent, that is, it only pays attention to the problem of technical optimization in the safety production process, and ignores the vulnerability of the control layer to the chemical crisis itself. Controllability is managed.
2. From the regional layout
From the regional distribution of China's chemical industry parks, large-scale chemical parks above the provincial level are mostly in coastal provinces such as Shandong, Hebei and Guangdong, accounting for 20% of the total.
From the layout of the seven geographical regions (see Figure 2), the East China region has a total of 472 chemical parks, including 104 at the national level and 368 at the provincial level and below; followed by North China, Central China and Northwest China. There were 165, 147 and 121 respectively; the number of Southwest, South China and Northeast China was small, 103, 94 and 83 respectively.
As of 2017
This layout is mainly due to two major reasons:
First, there are many coastal cities in East China, which provide a geographical basis for the construction and operation of chemical parks;
Second, the economic development in East China has promoted the growth of demand for chemical products.
Due to the different economic bases, emergency treatment levels and geo-based conditions, the external potential risks of the park are different, which makes the distribution of casualties caused by the crisis in China's chemical industry parks in the past 18 years.
Judging from the overall spatial layout, China's chemical industry parks and their crisis accidents are mainly distributed in the northwestern region and coastal areas, and the east-west and south-north areas show a serious imbalance. In-depth analysis shows that the regional distribution of chemical parks and crisis accidents is inconsistent, that is, the excessive number of parks is not the only decisive factor that causes frequent crises.
Summary
In summary, the incentives leading to the crisis in China's chemical industry parks are not only driven by internal risks, but also the significant increase in the number of parks. There are also external risk drivers, that is, emergency management inputs are not in place, and crisis response awareness is generally weak.
3. See the status of the ranks
China's chemical parks are divided into three levels: national, provincial and provincial. The emergency resources of different grades are different, so the casualties are also different.
Among them, the provincial park crisis situation is the most serious, with a total of 971 casualties, the total number of accidents is as high as 114, and the average casualty loss is as high as 8.52 people per unit accident;
The national chemical park was second, with a total of 562 casualties, 77 accidents, and an average casualty of 7.30 people per unit accident;
The situation of chemical parks below the provincial level is relatively optimistic. The number of casualties is only 60, 12 accidents occurred, and the average casualty was 5 people/unit accident.
An institutional analysis of the provincial parks with the most serious crisis incidents revealed that the average number of local safety plans introduced in 2017 was 14 (see table), and the number of drills for these safety plans was only six; in addition, cross-regional The implementation of the cooperative program is seriously inadequate, only four times.
Summary
Compared with developed countries such as the United States and Japan, China's chemical park crisis prevention and early warning programs are seriously lacking.
Four perspectives reveal the truth about the major crisis in the chemical industry park
The focus of crisis management in China's chemical industry parks is mainly from the three perspectives of emergency resource reserve, emergency resource dispatching, recovery and reconstruction, forming a “residual-thing-after-after” circular rescue system.
However, it is not comprehensive to only engage in the evolution of the vertical development of the state to avoid major crisis losses in the chemical park. What are the real factors that cause the major crisis in China's chemical industry parks? We analyze from these four perspectives:
1. Macro: Unbalanced campus layout planning
The theory of location selection of public facilities proposes that the rational layout and scientific allocation of public facilities are an important basis and necessary way to maximize service efficiency.
At present, the overall spatial layout of China's chemical industry parks appears “east-west, south-north”; the distribution is uneven, and the safety distance from the fragile environment such as residential areas and fresh water sources is seriously insufficient, which makes the major crisis events occur once it breaks out. Will quickly spread to the surrounding. For example, in 2013, “11· 22”, the Sinopec Donghuang oil pipeline leaked crude oil into the municipal drainage culvert, causing heavy pollution in Jiaozhou Bay.
The imbalance of the spatial layout of the chemical park makes it impossible for the government to form a unified response system. Most of the site selection in the park ignores the problem that the high-risk and emergency response capabilities of the concentrated areas of chemical enterprises do not match, such as the eastern coastal provinces and cities (including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, The total number of large-scale chemical parks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region accounts for more than 70% of the national total, and the incidence of crisis accidents exceeds 50% in the Northwest and Central regions;
In addition, the mismatch between the economic development of various regions and the crisis management capabilities of chemical parks has also become an important cause of the spread of accidents.
2.Medium: Insufficient cross-regional emergency response
The chemical park crisis has a high degree of uncertainty, and the material flow and energy flow are transmitted quickly. Once it occurs, its development trend and the degree of disaster are difficult to accurately estimate. The traditional emergency response system focuses on crisis governance in a specific administrative region, and its implementation targets are limited to a specific subject, such as local risk identification and assessment, emergency material reserve and allocation in the park, and emergency teams in various provinces and cities.
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